![]() ![]() Past work examining this issue in depth appears to be limited, although the Finnish studies that examined lifespan longevities of former elite endurance, team, and power athletes who represented Finland between the years 19 are exceptions (e.g., ). Much of our current understanding of trends and causes in elite athlete mortality derives from what appear to be “one-off” studies by small teams of researchers. In this study, we focus on mortality of previously elite athletes.Īn important challenge to mortality research in sport is the lack of data on the health behaviors of athletes post retirement. Attaining a complete understanding of an athlete’s lifespan requires knowledge of the inherent complexity of relationships that link hereditary and environmental characteristics to developmental outcomes. This lack of information about later phases of athletes’ lifespans may be attributable to several factors, such as the greater access to athletes during their competitive careers as well as the preponderance of participation- and performance-based theories focusing on elements related to understanding the antecedents of sporting success (e.g., ). ![]() For instance, our knowledge of how participation in elite sport affects lifespan longevity is particularly incomplete. Interestingly, insight into post-career outcomes is significantly limited. For example, Nevada, required an application along with a copy of your amateur record, two passport photos, identification and a $25 fee, as of 2015.Researchers have given considerable attention to the athlete development process (e.g., positive youth development through sport) (see ). An amateur boxer can move to professional fights when he and his trainer decide he's ready.Ĭheck with your state's athletic board to determine licensing requirements. ![]() You must be physically fit, in good health and skilled at boxing techniques. If you're ready to test your skills and tolerate uncertain pay, you can become a professional boxer. Although this may seem high, the manager works for the boxer to negotiate fight contracts and to find sponsors. From a $1,000 purse, the boxer would owe his manager approximately $333. In Nevada, for example, managers receive one-third of the boxer's purse. The amount varies by state and agreement. For example, if a boxer earns $1,000 in a fight, he would pay his trainer $100.Ī percentage of each purse goes to the boxer's manager as well. These amounts vary based on factors including where the boxer lives and the distance to the fight.īoxers typically pay trainers 10 percent of their purse. In addition to living expenses, fighters must pay their own insurance, travel and training costs. Since boxers aren't employees of the boxing commissions that host the fights, they pay their own expenses. Again, the amount earned is negotiated in a contract and varies based on factors like the fighter's popularity, the size of the fight audience and whether the fight is televised. Some companies may pay boxers in exchange for endorsing a product or wearing a company logo during a fight. The cable companies and television networks received the remaining pay-per view income.īoxers may also receive additional income from sponsors. For the 2015 Mayweather-Pacquiao fight, the boxers earned an estimated $100 million each from pay-per-view purchases. These earnings are difficult to predict, because a boxer's percentage is usually undisclosed and and pay-per-view purchases are unknown before the fight. Additional Income for Boxersĭepending on boxers' contracts ,they may also earn a percentage of the revenue from pay-per-view for televised fights. In January of 2011, Lonnie Smith earned only $800 for his bout with Jose Gomez, who pulled in $1,800. For example, in February of 2014, Chris Algieri earned $15,000 for his fight against Emmanuel Taylor. The purses for other fights on the same card as the Mayweather-Guerrero fight in May 2013 ranged from $60,000 to $375,000 for the title fight. ![]()
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